Confusion FY and CY

These are very important abbreviations when it comes to handling projects, so make sure that there is no confusion.

FY -- Financial Year or commonly called as Budget Year
CY -- Calendar Year

FY is country dependent and CY probably/definitely same for all the countries if they follow Gregorian Calendar.

FY for US starts from Oct, For Australia it starts from July, For India it starts from April likewise its different for different countries.

CY always starts from Jan.

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SQL Interview Questions on Subqueries

SUB Queries:
1. List the employees working in research department 2. List employees who are located in New York and Chicago
3. Display the department name in which ANALYSTS are working
4. Display employees who are reporting to JONES
5. Display all the employees who are reporting to Jones Manager
6. Display all the managers in SALES and ACCOUNTING department
7. Display all the employee names in Research and Sales Department who are having at least 1 person reporting to them
8. Display all employees who do not have any reportees
9. List employees who are having at least 2 reporting
10. List the department names which are having more than 5 employees
11. List department name having at-least 3 salesman
12. List employees from research and accounting having at-least 2 reporting
13. Display second max salary
14. Display 4th max salary
15. Display 5th max salary -- Answer for nth Max Salary
Co-Related Subqueries:
16. Write a query to get 4th max salary from EMP table
17. Write a query to get 2nd…

Answers for SUB Queries

1. SQL> select empno, ename from emp where deptno=(select deptno from dept where dname='RESEARCH');

2. SQL> select empno, ename from emp where deptno in (select deptno from dept where loc in ('NEW YORK','CHICAGO'));

3. SQL> select dname from dept where deptno in ( select deptno from emp where job ='ANALYST');

4. SQL> select empno, ename, mgr from emp where mgr = (select empno from emp where ename='JONES');

5. SQL> select empno, ename, mgr from emp where mgr = (select mgr from emp where ename='JONES')

6. SQL> select empno, ename, job from emp where deptno in ( select deptno from dept where dname in ('SALES','ACCOUNTING'))

7. SQL> select empno, ename, job from emp where deptno in ( select deptno from dept where dname in ('SALES','RESEARCH')) and empno in (select mgr from emp)

8. SQL> select empno, ename from emp where empno not in ( select mgr from emp where mgr is not null)

9. select…

'Linux-x86_64 Error: 28: No space left on device' While trying to start the database -- Error

SQL> startup mount pfile='/tmp/initdlfasp12.ora'
ORA-27102: out of memory
Linux-x86_64 Error: 28: No space left on device

This as you can see is on Linux x86 with 64 bit processor. We got this error after we changed SGA on 10gR2 database. So was sure that this is something to do with the OS.

Parameters to check for this are shmall.

shmall is the total amount of shared memory, in pages, that the system can use at one time.

$cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
53687091200

$ getconf PAGE_SIZE
4096

As per Oracle SHMALL should be set to the total amount of physical RAM divided by page size.

Our system has 64GB memory, so change kernel.shmall = 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 64 / 4096 = 16777216

Once this value is calculated you can modify Linux system configuration file directly.

$ su - root
vi /etc/sysctl.conf file:
kernel.shmall=16777216

and

# sysctl -p

Once this is done the database was started without any problem.

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