CPIO -- Oracle's widely used archiving utility

CPIO is the most widely used archival tool by Oracle apart from ZIP archival. CPIO means -- CoPy In CoPy Out

CPIO was earlier being used for tape archivals like its counterpart TAR. CPIO always needs an standard input for archiving or for extracting the same. CPIO takes over other counterparts by archiving the files comparitively smaller than others do. I have never tested this but will surely try it and try to update the blog in sometime.

Following are the few useful commands that you should know before un-archiving any CPIO file.

1. To extract a CPIO file.

cpio -id <> any.CPIO

Here -o signifies cpio to read the standard output and copy it the files onto standard output
-v signifies verbose which will list all the file names
> signifies standard output file

Other advanced options can be found with the man pages on your OS.

Refer: http://www.bellevuelinux.org/man/cpio.1.html

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SQL Interview Questions on Subqueries

SUB Queries:
1. List the employees working in research department 2. List employees who are located in New York and Chicago
3. Display the department name in which ANALYSTS are working
4. Display employees who are reporting to JONES
5. Display all the employees who are reporting to Jones Manager
6. Display all the managers in SALES and ACCOUNTING department
7. Display all the employee names in Research and Sales Department who are having at least 1 person reporting to them
8. Display all employees who do not have any reportees
9. List employees who are having at least 2 reporting
10. List the department names which are having more than 5 employees
11. List department name having at-least 3 salesman
12. List employees from research and accounting having at-least 2 reporting
13. Display second max salary
14. Display 4th max salary
15. Display 5th max salary -- Answer for nth Max Salary
Co-Related Subqueries:
16. Write a query to get 4th max salary from EMP table
17. Write a query to get 2nd…

'Linux-x86_64 Error: 28: No space left on device' While trying to start the database -- Error

SQL> startup mount pfile='/tmp/initdlfasp12.ora'
ORA-27102: out of memory
Linux-x86_64 Error: 28: No space left on device

This as you can see is on Linux x86 with 64 bit processor. We got this error after we changed SGA on 10gR2 database. So was sure that this is something to do with the OS.

Parameters to check for this are shmall.

shmall is the total amount of shared memory, in pages, that the system can use at one time.

$cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
53687091200

$ getconf PAGE_SIZE
4096

As per Oracle SHMALL should be set to the total amount of physical RAM divided by page size.

Our system has 64GB memory, so change kernel.shmall = 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 64 / 4096 = 16777216

Once this value is calculated you can modify Linux system configuration file directly.

$ su - root
vi /etc/sysctl.conf file:
kernel.shmall=16777216

and

# sysctl -p

Once this is done the database was started without any problem.

Abnormal Program Termination. An internal error has occurred. Please provide the following files to Oracle Support./ Installing Oracle 10g on Windows 7/Vista

This video will take you through the steps to install Oracle 10g Release 2 on Windows 7 (Same steps work for Windows Vista). Usually if you install Oracle database on window 7/Vista you would get an error,

Abnormal Program Termination. An internal error has occurred. Please provide the following files to Oracle Support.
"Unknown"
"Unknown"
"Unknown"

Follow the steps shown in this video to successfully install Oracle Database on Windows 7/Vista.

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